The study found an average of eight lithium batteries per tonne of residual waste. This equates to approximately 70 lithium batteries in every refuse collection vehicle carrying around 8.5 tonnes of waste. Overall, the number of batteries incorrectly disposed of has quadrupled over the past ten years, making the issue an increasingly significant challenge for waste management companies, manufacturers and retailers alike.
Growing fire risk for the waste management sector
The findings demonstrate that lithium batteries are no longer isolated contaminants in the waste stream but are becoming a widespread problem. Products containing permanently installed lithium-ion batteries are a major contributor to this trend. Frequently affected items include disposable e-cigarettes, toys, electric toothbrushes, cordless devices and small household appliances. Incorrect disposal not only results in the loss of valuable raw materials that could otherwise be recovered through recycling but also significantly increases fire risks throughout the waste management chain.
The study also identifies a marked rise in fire incidents across the sector. Researchers analysed more than 1,000 publicly documented fires over the past 18 years and found that both the frequency and severity of incidents have increased, particularly during the last two years. Fires are lasting longer, causing greater damage and leading to higher costs for operators. Lithium batteries are now widely regarded as one of the principal fire hazards in residual waste. In the past year alone, 36 major fires were recorded at waste management and recycling facilities in Austria. Industry representatives have described the situation as a "ticking time bomb" for employees, infrastructure and the environment. Despite significant investment in fire prevention measures, many facilities report that existing safety systems are being pushed to their limits.
Collection rates remain below EU targets
Another key challenge is the comparatively low collection rate for lithium batteries. Although lithium batteries now account for around 46.5% of all portable batteries placed on the market, studies estimate that only around 13% are collected separately for recycling. Austria currently achieves an overall collection rate of approximately 53% for portable batteries. However, under EU legislation, this figure must increase to 73% by 2030. Without substantial improvements, the risks associated with incorrect disposal are expected to continue growing. According to the study, existing separate collection systems alone will not be sufficient. Higher public awareness, targeted regulatory measures, particularly for products such as single-use e-cigarettes, greater producer responsibility, continuous risk monitoring and stronger economic incentives will all be needed to improve collection rates and reduce safety risks.
VERE remains committed to supporting and strengthening the German and European recycling infrastructure to help reduce dependence on primary raw materials and enhance Europe's resource resilience. This is a key priority on behalf of our members. To support the recycling sector, the #LithiumUnites initiative provides a free information pack containing practical guidance and communication materials for the safe collection and take-back of lithium batteries. Request your free #LithiumUnites support pack today and help prevent fires while protecting Europe's recycling infrastructure.
